A 25-year retrospective epidemiological study of intra-osseous lesions of jaw bones in Isfahan population, Iran

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Intra-osseous pathologic lesions of the jaw bones have different radiological and clinicopathological features from benign to malignant lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of jaw lesions in Isfahan, Iran, during 1992-2017. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical study, all records of intra-osseous jaw lesions were investigated. All information of patients such as age, gender, location of lesion, radiographic feature, and histopathological diagnosis was collected. The lesions were divided to 7 groups including inflammatory periapical lesions, developmental odontogenic cysts, odontogenic tumors, benign non-odontogenic bone lesions, malignant bone tumors, developmental lesions, and others. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software, using chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS: A total of 1064 intra-osseous jaw lesions were evaluated. The mean age of patients with these lesions was 30.6 ± 15.1 years with the male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The most prevalent jaw lesions were inflammatory periapical lesions (49.9%), developmental odontogenic cysts (33.2%), benign non-odontogenic bone lesions (8.0%), odontogenic tumors (6.2%), developmental lesions (1.2%), malignant bone tumors (0.9%), and others (0.6%). Posterior region of mandibular bone was more affected. The frequency of jaw pathologic lesions according to site of lesions and age was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed based on gender (P > 0.050). Radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst, and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) were the most prevalent. The most radiographic view was radiolucent. CONCLUSION: This study showed the clinicopathological information of intra-osseous jaw bone lesions in Isfahan population. Inflammatory periapical lesions, odontogenic cysts, and tumors were the most common intra-osseous jaw bone lesions. These results showed the importance of health education to patients for prevention of inflammatory periapical lesions.